天选兰花的生存智慧：成功需要努力配点运气

2025-07-17 11:08植物之最

三枚萼片、三枚花瓣、一个合蕊柱，这样独特的外貌让我们可以很容易辨认出兰科植物。兰科植物种类丰富，当前确认的约有815属22000-27000余种。它们的花瓣千姿百态，有袋状的兜兰（Paphiopedilum spp.）、瓣状的文心兰（Oncidium flexuosum）、分叶状的鹤顶兰（Phaius tancarvilleae）、丝状的章鱼兰（Prosthechea cochleata）等超过数十种类型，颜色也极为丰富，几乎涵盖了可见光谱中的所有颜色，如红色系火焰兰（Renanthera coccinea）、紫色系紫纹兜兰（Paphiopedilum purpuratum）、白色系夜夫人白拉索兰（Brassavola nodosa）等等；身材魁梧如身高最高可达7米的皇后兰（Grammatophyllum speciosum），娇小柔弱如花序仅有1-2cm的小沼兰（Oberonioides microtatantha）。兰科植物的每个形态、每种特点都不是随便长长，而是为了生存、繁衍、适应环境，千锤万凿雕刻出来的自然艺术品。

图片说明：1.文心兰2.鹤顶兰3.章鱼兰4.火焰兰

5.紫纹兜兰6.夜夫人白拉索兰7.皇后兰8.小沼兰

（图片来源：李光敏、刘冰、吴棣飞、华***、

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